It is not bullying when two persons of the same strength (physical, psychological, or verbal) victimize each other. School bullying can occur in school or on the way to or from school. The definition of school bullying includes several key elements: physical, verbal, or psychological attack or intimidation that is intended to cause fear, distress, or harm to the victim an imbalance of power (psychological or physical), with a more powerful child (or children) oppressing less powerful ones and repeated incidents between the same children over a prolonged period. Previous narrative reviews, summarizing the work done on bullying prevention, as well as previous meta-analyses of anti-bullying programs, are limited. Various anti-bullying programs have been implemented world wide and, more rarely, evaluated. School bullying has serious short-term and long-term effects on children's physical and mental health. This should apply to the experimental group as well as the control group to get the most accurate results possible. Furthermore, the systematic review clearly states that future evaluations should measure the children's situation before and after an anti-bullying program. The included studies were either randomized controlled trials, quasi-randomized trials, age-cohort studies or other controlled studies. The 44 different studies were carried out between 1983 and mid-2009 and came from 16 different countries. The overall analysis is therefore based on a total of 44 studies. However, nine studies did not provide enough data to allow the calculation of an effect size and were, therefore, not included in the final meta-analysis. The 89 reports describe 53 different studies. A total of 89 reports were of sufficient quality to be included in the systematic review. The conclusion is that programs generally work and bullying is reduced on average by around 20%.
This Campbell Systematic Review studied the effects of anti-bullying programs in schools. Everyone agrees that bullying is a serious problem and initiatives are urgently called for to stamp it out. Bullying is becoming an ever more pressing issue for schools, daycare centers, politicians and the public.
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